what are the investigations of antifreeze properties?
According to the table below, the appropriate antifreeze can be prepared by mixing propylene glycol or ethylene glycol with water. Ethylene glycol propylene glycol %Vol BP(°F) FP*(°F) BP*(°F) FP*(°F) 5 27 29 27 29 10 23 26 22 26 15 17 22 18 23 20 8 16 11 19 25 2- 10 1- 14 30 14- 4 18- 8 35 45- 3- 46- 1 40 60- 13- 60- 8- 45 60- 24- 60- 18- 50 60- 36- 60- 31- 55 60- 50- 60- 46- 60 …
Application and comparing’s of EG and PG in antifreeze
The difference between the above two substances in antifreeze is due to their toxicity and efficiency. Ethylene glycol shows high efficiency in heat transfer but propylene glycol has lower toxicity. In the following, we will further study these two substances and their application in antifreeze. what is glycol? Glycol is an organic chemical compound that belongs to the family of alcohols. In glycols (also called diols), the molecule contains two groups of hydroxyl attached to carbon atoms. These substances are classified as alcohols. The following figure shows the molecular structure of these two substances Note that ethylene glycol is available in three forms: monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. But monoethylene glycol is more widely used as an antifreeze among other types of ethylene glycols. Ethylene glycol propylene glycol Propylene glycol has heat transfer properties in the temperature range of -50 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Although both…
Information about diethylene glycol
Production of diethylene glycol This substance is produced from ethylene by an intermediate called ethylene oxide. In this process, EO and water react together and ethylene glycols including MEG, DEG and TEG (triethylene glycol) are produced. One of the interesting points about this reaction is that the reaction can be performed in environments with different pH, but to achieve higher efficiencies, it is recommended to perform the reaction in an acidic or neutral environment with excessive amounts of water. Application of diethylene glycol Oil and gas industry Diethylene glycol as a solvent in the oil and gas industry. Diethylene glycol for dehydration of natural gases and other gases. This material is widely used in hydrating natural gas and making it usable by removing impurities and absorbing water. Paints and resins industries Application of this organic compound as an intermediate in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane foam, emollients Petrochemical…
Groups of chemicals use as detergent
linear alkylbenzene sulfonate Sodium lauryl sulfate Other detergents Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate /ALS Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate / TLS Diethanolamin /DEA Triethanolamin/ TEA Betaine NaOCl/ Sodium hypochlorite NaOH/Sodium hydroxide Sodium carbonate/soda ash The groups of surface-active agents are use in detergent: Anionic detergent that is including soap and the largest synthetic detergents Cationic detergent that produces electrically positive ions in solution. Nonionic detergent it produces electrically neutral colloidal particles in solution. Molecules in detergent Detergents are substances that remove fat and dirt particles from fabrics or other objects and are prepared in different types. The first ingredient made as a detergent was soap. Soap is hundreds of years old. The last soap machines discovered date back to 2000 years ago. When soap has been done making ? Soap making has been done industrially and in large quantities for 700 years, and it has been 200 years since its manufacture changed and became…