Production method of linear alkylbenzene (sulfonic acid)
Hydrotreated kerosene is a typical feedstock for high-purity linear paraffins (N-paraffins), which are subsequently converted to linear olefins by dehydrogenation. CnH2n+2 → CnH2n + H2 Alternatively, ethylene can be oligomerized (partially polymerized) to produce linear alkenes. The resulting linear monoolefins react with benzene in the presence of a catalyst to produce linear alkylbenzene (labsa) . Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) are the two main catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with linear monoolefins. The production process using hydrogen fluoride is economically more affordable and is usually used more often. However, the risk of hydrogen fluoride being released as a toxic substance into the environment has become a concern, especially after the amendment of the Clean Air Act. In 1995, a solid catalyst system (DETAL process) became available. This method eliminates the process of catalyst neutralization and HF disposal. As a result, most linear alkylbenzene plants built since then use…
Styrene butadiene rubber categories in terms of production and polymerization methods
Emulsion method In this method, polymerization is done through free radicals, which is done in both hot and cold states. The product obtained by cold method in the presence of oil or in the presence of oil-soot has high linearity, narrow molecular distribution, high molecular mass and difficult processing. The product obtained by hot method is also highly branched and has a wide molecular mass distribution, good process ability and higher percentages of 1 and 2-vinyl. Solution method In this method is ion polymerization, the product of this method has high linearity, high flexibility and high abrasion and tear resistance against dynamic stresses. Gel method The product of this method has a weak percentage of chemical bonds during the polymerization reaction between the chains, which reduces the mobility of the chains and improves processability. cooking methods It is mainly done by sulfur vulcanization method. The cooking speed in the SBR…
Whatever we should know about low density polyethylene?
Low-density polyethylene – LDPE is terminologically composed of two terms monomer meaning single part and ethylene which is a hydrocarbon with the formula C 2 H 4. Lightweight polyethylene was produced in 1933 under very high pressure and along with the radical release of polymerization by the British company ICT. Also, the rate of degradability of this material in nature according to the EPA or environmental protection test is equal to 5.7%, which is determined by the degradability number 4. Despite the fact that many polymer products have been produced and industrialized in global markets, today LDPE is considered as one of the most important products in the plastic industry, so that in 2013, the revenue of this product in the markets around the world was about $ 33 billion. it is arrived . Properties of lightweight polyethylene – LDPE LDPE densities range from 0.91 to 0.940 g / m3.…
Production method for Triethylene glycol
As a common product of high temperature ethylene oxidation process in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by ethylene oxide hydration for the production of monoethylene glycol diethylene glycol triethylene glycol is commercially available. Other glycol compounds that may be produced in these processes include tetraethylene glycol. Application in natural gas Triethylene glycol is a compound that is used in many cases Used in the oil and gas industry to absorb water in natural gas. It may also be used to absorb moisture from other gases, including other oxygenated gases. For this purpose, it is necessary for the gas to dry to a certain point, because the moisture in the natural gas can cause the pipelines to freeze and cause other problems for the final consumers of natural gas. Triethylene glycol is in contact with natural gas and removes water from it. Triethylene glycol is heated to a high…