Soap has been one of the most important hygiene items in the past. The word soap seems to be derived from the Phoenician language, and the people first made and sold soap
How soap was made it ?
Soap was made from different materials. In the books defined in the second century AD, some books refer to soaps made from goat tallow and charcoal ash and lime. It is also emphasized that the use of this type of soap is necessary to maintain hygiene and prevent disease and wounds. In the Middle Ages, soap was produced and used in the Mediterranean countries, but in any case, soap was a luxury item and the masses could not access it until in the 17th century, Louis XIV, the fourteenth minister, founded the great soap industry in Marseilles. It was used and in the 18th century, soap production was gradually carried out in several regions.
Chemistry had effect in producing this product in history?
Soap making did not progress until chemistry was used in soap production. In 1818, with the advancement of chemistry, soap production centers moved to England, and gradually, as chemistry progressed, more progress was made in the manufacture of soap. Gradually, with the import of vegetable oils from tropical countries to industrialized countries, various scientific methods were used to make various soaps, so that the soap industry was one of the most important new chemical industries. Thus, various soaps evolved from the 19th century and its production increased.
Short summery about history
Soap is made from vegetable oils or animal fats with sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). Due to its dissolution in water, it has a high cleansing property. Throughout history, soap has been used for purposes other than washing, for example in Soap has been used to treat skin wounds, hair dye, or as an ointment and ointment, but today it is used only to cleanse and wash the body and other objects.According to Roman sources, the use of soap dates back to 600 BC, just when the Phoenicians made it from goat tallow and wood ash. And they lived in tents and made soap from animal fats and ashes from burning plants. Galen, a famous physician who lived in Greece, mentions soap as a suitable detergent. In the Roman Empire, soap was used as a medicine and was not mentioned as a cleanser until the second century AD. In the eighth century AD, the use of soap was common in European countries such as France, Italy and Spain, while in other countries of the continent until the 17th century it was not used at all.
Soap in europe
Until the Middle Ages, soap was made by dissolving the ashes of burning plants that contained potassium carbonate in water, then adding fat and boiling them until the water evaporated completely. Soap began to be produced in England in the 12th century. Soap makers at the time had to pay heavy taxes on their products. In 1789, Andre Pierce began making clear, high-quality soap in London, and in 1862 he started a soap factory. The main spark for the mass production of soap was struck by the French chemist Nicolas LeBlanc in 1791. He was able to make alkali ash with sodium carbonate from ordinary salt and patented this process.In 1850, William Gossage established a factory for the production of quality soap. This factory is one of the first industrial soap factories. This product was affordable throughout the 19th century throughout Europe and attracted consumer satisfaction.
How the made this soap in past ?
As a result of boiling the solution of wood ash and animal fat in the pot, a foam formed on it. When the material cooled, it turned into soap. In later years, a soap maker named Nicola Lebenque was able to extract caustic soda from common salt, thus discovering a new way of making soap. In 1823, the French chemist Eugene Michel Chevrolet invented a new method of making soap. It was in the late 19th century that industrial soaps came on the market while villagers continued to make soap in their homes. The ingredients of primary soaps were the sap of some special plants such as soap plant, bandaq and ghasol. To produce foam, the roots of this plant were dissolved in water. In the structure of these trees, there was an element called saponin which produces foamy foam. Long after that, people realized that fats react with alkalis in fire ash .This new understanding led to the use of sodium stearate and potassium stearate in the manufacture of soap. In the Americas, soap was made from alkaline compounds and animal fats. To obtain a solution of alkaline water, wood ash was soaked in water and then the ash was passed through a strainer. Animal fats were cooked on the stove for hours. As a result, animal fats were the most important element in making soaps at that time.
