The use of natural oils has been important since ancient times, with the advent of crude oil and the direct supply of cheap vegetable oils to the market, so natural lubricants have been removed from the market over time and the harvest has been made available to the public. Over time, at the end of the war, due to the lack of crude oil, the lubricants left behind were again noticed by the people and returned to the field, which left a good position for itself, in which we can refer to the war period. Natural oils were used as fuel during the war, so the production of greases and lubricants increased, and the Arab oil shock of 1973 reaffirmed the need to focus on non-oil resources.
Synthetic or conventional oils are oils that are lubricated by connecting one or more identified low-molecular-weight organic components in a controlled manner, taking into account the very high power and efficiency of today’s new engines operating in difficult conditions. They are not possible with oils produced from mineral hydrocarbons that are produced directly from crude oil. Also for the aviation industry, the lack of engine oil with a very low pour point and the need for high quality oils has led to the increasing use and development of synthetic lubricants.
Unlike mineral oils obtained by refining crude oil, synthetic oils are obtained from chemical compounds or hydrocarbon polymerization and a series of related experiments in the laboratory. If we want to have another definition of synthetic or synthetic oils, it is said that oils are synthesized or made by controlling one or more specific organic components with low molecular weight, under controlled conditions. This type of compound is physically and chemically studied under controlled conditions, which creates a synthetic oil with specific properties that have already been desired. That is, synthetic oils are pre-designed oils whose structure and chemical composition are such that the resulting oil can be called the desired oil.
Mineral base oils
Mineral base oils are extracted from crude oil and are divided into two categories, which are: paraffinic oils and naphthenic oils, which are produced and prepared using crude oil refining, each of which is We will explain briefly.
Paraffinic base oil
Pre-paraffitic oils are saturated hydrocarbons, of which normal, straight-chain and ISO hydrocarbons are branched hydrocarbons.
Petroleum oils
Oils are composed of saturated cyclic hydrocarbons of one or more rings, each ring containing five or six carbons.
The difference between paraffinic oils and naphthenic oils
It has a high drop temperature Low specific gravity High viscosity index Low solubility High resistance to oxidation Low volatility and consequently high flash point Petroleum oils are generally used for low temperature ranges and when a low pour point is required. Especially can be used in hydraulic oils, coolers, rubber production oils, metalworking and in cylinder lubricants for large engines and greases.
