Classification of base oils based on physical properties
Classification of base oils based on physical and chemical properties in API Base oils are very different from each other in molecular components and therefore in physical and chemical properties (eg viscosity-temperature properties). For this reason, in 1993, the American Petroleum Association (API) designed an oil classification system and divided all base oils into 5 groups based on the weight percentage of saturated compounds, the weight percentage of sulfur, and the viscosity index, as shown in the table below. It should be noted that the base oil is classified only on the basis of physical and chemical properties and not on the basis of production method. This means that the production method alone does not reflect the level of quality of the base oil. To improve the quality of the base oil, the percentage of unsaturated compounds and sulfur in it should be reduced and the viscosity index of the…
Recycled Base Oil
The definition of second oil recycling and correction has changed over the years. In the past, recycling of working oils could mean many things, in the beginning oils were used as filtration as fuel. In this way, none of the pollutants in your area are removed and it is not suitable for car use. This oil is generally used for fuel. The correction process of the second year causes all impurities, location and insolubility and return of oil as base oil to be fresh. This second refining base oil is equal to or better than some virgin base oils (produced from crude oil) and is suitable for use in cars. The second oil refining process is shorter than crude oil refining and uses less energy After draining, the oil is passed through a filter in two stages and the filtration operation is performed to separate the coarse particles and then…
Groups of base oil
Given that various refining processes that are common today for the production of base oils can lead to the production of base oils with different properties, the American Petroleum Association (API) has classified base oils according to their physicochemical properties and characteristics. You can see this classification in the table at the bottom of the page. The first three groups are the base oils obtained from crude oil refining, among which group III base oils are the group that has been processed the most, is the most expensive and has the highest yield among the mineral oils obtained from crude oil. Has. Group IV oils are synthetic (PAO based) and are made chemically. Esters, glycols and other base oils that do not meet the specifications of the first four groups are in group V of this classification. Petroleum oils, which have a low index due to the low percentage of…
Other types of base oil
The use of natural oils has been important since ancient times, with the advent of crude oil and the direct supply of cheap vegetable oils to the market, so natural lubricants have been removed from the market over time and the harvest has been made available to the public. Over time, at the end of the war, due to the lack of crude oil, the lubricants left behind were again noticed by the people and returned to the field, which left a good position for itself, in which we can refer to the war period. Natural oils were used as fuel during the war, so the production of greases and lubricants increased, and the Arab oil shock of 1973 reaffirmed the need to focus on non-oil resources. Synthetic base oils Synthetic or conventional oils are oils that are lubricated by connecting one or more identified low-molecular-weight organic components in a controlled…